LIST OF ACCEPTED PAPERS

List of accepted abstract for the Symposium

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  Dragan Tucaković - Mašinski fakultet, Univerziteta u Beogradu, Titoslav Živanović - Mašinski fakultet, Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srđan Belošević - Institut za nuklearne nauke VINČA, Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku

  » A COMPUTER CODE FOR THE PREDICTION OF MILL GASES AND HOT AIR DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN BURNERS' SECTIONS AT THE UTILITY BOILER

  submitted by: DragamTucakovic
  Abstract text

  One of the main tasks during the design or simulation and analyses of the utility steam boiler operation is the prediction of a distribution of mill gases and hot air flow rates between burners' sections. These are the boundary conditions for the combustion process in the boiler furnace, and they strongly influence the steam boiler economy and reliability of operation. A computer code for the prediction of mill gases and hot air distribution between boiler burners has been developed. The code is based on simultaneous calculations of material and heat balances for the fan mill and corresponding air tracts. This paper presents a methodology of performed calculations, the code structure, and results obtained for the steam boiler furnace of 350 MWe thermal power plant equipped with eight fan mills.
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  Milica Mladenović - Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia, Dragoljub Dakić - Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia, Stevan Nemoda - Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia, Srđan Belošević - Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia, Rastko Mladenović - Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia, Aleksandar Erić - Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia, Branislav Repić - Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Vinča", Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, P. O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia

  » RESEARCH OF THERMAL DESINTEGRATION OF HEAVY LIQUID FUEL IN FLUIDISED BED

  submitted by: Mladenovic
  Abstract text

  The topic of this paper is the development of technology for incineration of high-density liquid fuels i.e. heavy liquid fuel-HLF, in an environmentally friendly way. These fuels include sediments from crude oil tanks and heavy products of fractional distillation of commercial liquid fuel, and also used liquids and emulsions from chemical, petrochemical and metallurgical industries, which can combust on their own or with the addition of classic (conventional) fuels. These matters cause, as a rule, serious problems in operation in industry, owing to difficult fuel handling, the decreasing capacity of tanks in which they are stored, and due to the fact that these fuels contain more harmful components than commercial fuels, which links their storage to great environmental problems. Non-uniform composition, high contents of impurities (water, mineral matter), and especially high density and viscosity, makes HLF very difficult to be incinerated in common liquid fuel combustion facilities (furnaces, boilers). The solution is thermal disintegration of HLF in the fluidized bed, which enables matters of quite different origin and non-uniform composition to be incinerated, with decreasing the emission of pollutants and a high thermal inertia of the facility.

  In this paper, a description is given of the aparatus and the experimental procedure, as well as a detailed review of experimental results.
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  Aleksandar Erić - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča - Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku, Rastko Mladenović - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča - Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku, Branislav Repić - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča - Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku, Dejan Đurović - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča - Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku, Dragoljub Dakić - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča - Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku

  » Razvoj tehnologije za proizvodnju toplotne energije korišćenjem otpadne poljoprivredne biomase kao i mogućnost kombinovane proizvodnje toplotne i električne energije

  submitted by: erica
  Abstract text

  Biomasa kao gorivo, pored energetskih, ima značajne prednosti sa aspekta očuvanja životne sredine, jer se njenim korišćenjem ne povećava koncentracija ugljen dioksida u atmosferi, što se u potpunosti se uklapa u Kjoto sporazum, čiji je potpisnik i Republika Srbija.

  Imajući u vidu ovo, kao i to da grupa saradnika Intituta za nuklearne nauke „Vinča“ - Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku, zajedno sa fabrikom TIPO-Remont-Kotlogradnja, poslednjih nekoliko godina ulaže ogromne napore u promovisanju korišćenja otpadne biomase, razvijeno je ložište za sagorevanje balirane poljoprivredne biomase. Ložište je potpuno originalne konstrukcije i plod domaćeg razvoja potpomugnutog od strane resornog Ministarstva. Sagorevanje balirane biomase se odvija po principu sagorevanja cigarete i dogorevanja koksnog ostatka u fluidizovanom sloju sopstvenog pepela. Prvo postrojenje-kotao ovog tipa, snage 1,5 MW je izgrađeno i pušteno u rad u poljoprivrednom kombinatu PKB. Prednost ovog načina sagorevanja je minamalan utrošak električne energije za pripremu goriva, zadovoljavanje ekoloških kriterijuma sagorevanja, niski eksploatacioni i investicioni troškovi i mogućnost potpune automatizacije rada postrojenja. Ovakva ložišta se mogu primeniti u svim vrstama kotlova kao i agregata za proizvodnju toplog, odnosno, verelog vazduha ili gasa.

  Ukoliko se navedeni način sagorevanja balirane biomase iskoristi u kotlu za zagrevanje termalnog ulja, onda se zagrejano termalno ulje može iskoristiti za isparavanje silikonskog ulja čija para može učestvovati u Rankin-Klauzijusovom ciklusu u cilju proizvodnje električne energije.

  U radu će biti prikazan razvijeni način sagorevanja balirane biomase, prvi rezultati ispitivanja sa industrijskog postrojenja, kao i mogućnost povezivanja u sistem za proizvodnju električne energije. Parne turbine malih snaga (200kW-2MW) pogonjene parom silikonskog ulja su razvijene i primenjene na više od 70 postrojenja, novina je što se u ovom slučaju povezuju sa kotlom u kome se sagoreva balirana biomasa po navedenom principu.
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  Vujo Miljević - Institut za nuklearne nauke VINČA, Laboratorija za atomsku fiziku

  » Simultaneos Removal of Sulphur Diokside (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) from Flue Gas by a Spacial Type of Corona Brush Discharge

  submitted by: elfi
  Abstract text

  A new method for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from flue gases, a plasma chemistry method called ELFI, has been developed in the Atomic physics laboratory of the Vinča Institute of nuclear sciences on the basis of fundamental research of the special type high frequency corona discharge. The by-product of this method is artificial fertilizer and the problem of the permanent storage of undesired product does not exist. The ELFI module can be added to an exixting plant as a by-pass, so it does not obstruct its function.

  The results of fundamental research on which ELFI is based are presented on international scientific meetings. Laboratory studies completely fulfilled foreseen expectations for filtering and gave numerous data necessary to project pilot plant. The patents for ELFI technology were granted in: USA, European Patent Union, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland and Luxembourg, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Holland, Germany and Sweden, Japan and Republic of Serbia
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  Vladimir Stevanović, Sanja Prica, Blaženka Maslovarić - Mašinski fakultet, Kraljice Marije 16, 11 120 Beograd

  » MERENJE VLAŽNOSTI PARE

  submitted by: vstevanovic
  Abstract text

  MERENJE VLAŽNOSTI PARE

  Vladimir Stevanović, Sanja Prica, Blaženka Maslovarić

  Mašinski fakultet, Kraljice Marije 16, 11 120 Beograd

  Kod kotlova sa prirodnom ili prinudnom cirkulacijom do izdvajanja pare iz ključajuće dvofazne mešavine dolazi u dobošu kotla ili separacionoj boci. Razdvajanje pare i vode nije potpuno, tako da ističe vlažna para. Sadržaj vlage u pari mora biti ograničen pošto je odnošenje vlage u pregrejač pare nepovoljno. Kapi sa sobom nose soli i druge primese koje se talože u isparivaču, tako da se vremenom formira sloj koji predstavljaja otpor prolazu toplote. Dodatno isparavanje kapi u isparivaču i povećanje toplotnog otpora smanjuje temperaturu pare na izlazu iz isparivača. Povećanje toplotnog otpora sa unutrašnje strane cevi pregrejača pogoršava hlađenje zida cevi pregrejača i dovodi do povećanje temperature metala, tako da vremenom može doći do termomehaničkih oštećenja i pucanja cevi. Stoga je neophodno obezbediti vlažnost pare na izlazu iz doboša koja je u granicama propisanih vrednosti. U cilju određivanja stvarne efikasnosti rada separacionih uređaja na kotlu u pogonu, potrebno je sprovesti specifična meranja. U radu se daje prikaz mogućih metoda za merenje vlažnosti pare, kao i predlog nove metode, koja je zasnovana na pogodnoj kombinaciji termodinamičkih procesa kojima se podvrgava uzorkovana para čija se vlažnost meri. Predložena metoda je „apsolutna“ u smislu da za njeno korišćenje nije potrebna kalibracija, a tačnost je određena tačnošću merenja pritiska i temperature vlažne i pregrejane pare u okviru samog uređaja. Određena je greška meranja koja se postiže sa standardnim instrumentima za merenje temperature i pritiska. U odnosu na druge metode, predložena metoda je pouzdana, obezbeđuje zadovoljavajuću tačnost i jednostavna je za primenu na svim nivoima pritiska vlažne pare.

  Steam separation from the boiling two-phase mixture in the natural or forced circulation steam boilers takes place in the steam drums or vertical cylindrical separation vessels. Water and steam are never completely separated, and the wet steam outflows towards the steam superheaters. The moisture content in the steam must be limited, since its transport into the steam superheater is undesirable. Therefore, it is important to keep the steam moisture within the prescribed setpoints. In order to determine the real efficiency of the separating devices in the steam boiler, it is necessary to conduct specific measurements. In the paper the possible methods for the measurement of the steam moisture content is presented. The new method is proposed, which is based on the suitable combination of the thermodynamic processes that are conducted in the sampled wet steam. The proposed method is absolute in a sense that it does not require calibration, while its accuracy is determined by the accuracy of the pressure and temperature measurement of the wet and superheated steam within the measuring device. The measuring accuracy of the device is determined for the application of the standard pressure and temperature measuring instruments. Compared to other measuring methods, the proposed method is reliable, it provides the acceptable accuracy, and it is simple for the application at all pressure levels of sampled wet steam.
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  Igor Matveev - Applied Plasma Technologies, U.S.A

  » Alternative Solutions for Plasma Coal Gasification and Boiler Integration with Municipal Solid Waste Processing

  submitted by: IgorMatveev
  Abstract text

  Coal gasification with further syngas combustion is one of alternative technologies to make the coal fired utility power plants more environment friendly. The main limiting factor on the way of plasma coal gasification technology implementation was relatively short life time of the plasma torch electrodes. Recent progress in the power electronics and our experimental investigations have shown an opportunity to engineer the plasma coal gasification modules with practically endless life time due to application of so called atmospheric pressure hybrid plasma torches. As a combination of low power DC and RF or inductively coupled plasma sections, powered by a solid state power source with total electrical power by 1.8 MW and coefficient of performance over 85%, the hybrid plasma torch is possible to provide long term steam coal gasification in variable environment.

  One more way to increase efficiency and reduce pollutions of the existing power plants is their integration with the municipal solid waste (MSW) plasma processing plants. Syngas, as a byproduct of these plants with the lowest heating value by 11 MJ/kg (averaged for the US MSW), could be used as a supporting fuel for the coal fired boilers. That will benefit the MSW plants by eliminating the power generation modules, which are very sensitive to the moisture content in the outgoing syngas, and the power plants due to replacing the supporting fuel by syngas. For example, the US generates annually (2006) about 251 million tons of MSW. In case of all MSW processing based on developed by Applied Plasma Technologies (APT) advanced oxygen plasma gasification technology net power output could be up to 326 million MW or about 1.3 MW per ton of MSW, and electrical efficiency of MSW processing up to 70% in comparison with achieved level of 35-37%. That could cover over 6% of the US power demand. Existing landfills recycling will give additional 1 to 5%.
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  Dragan P. Popović - Institut "Nikola Tesla", Beograd, Miloš Stojković - Institut "Nikola Tesla", Beograd

  » THE EFFECTS OF GENERATOR VOLTAGES CONTROL IN REAL TIME

  submitted by: dpopovic
  Abstract text

  ABSTRACT

  This papers presents the possibility effects of application in real-time a method for fast and sufficiently accurate definition of generator voltages to realize the favourable voltage-reactive states of electric power interconnection. In peak- load condition, this control is made to improve the economic operation, e.g. to reduce the active and reactive power losses. In low-load condition, this control is made to reduce the generator under-exitation states.

  The development of this method is inspired by known fact of great influence of adequate choice of generator voltage on established voltage-reactive states. The verification of method proposed is made in context of steady-state and dynamic simulation model, on the example of realized and perspective states of Serbian transmission network.

  The application in real time will be realised by state estimator, which is the part of the new SCADA/EMS system in NDC Elektromreza Srbije. The first practical experiences of the possibility of the application in real time, of the method proposed, has been established on the model of real interconnection, which consists of the EPSs of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Albania.

  EFEKTI UPRAVLJANJA NAPONIMA GENERATORA U REALNOM VREMENU

  U radu se izlaže sagledavanje mogućih efekata primene u realnom vremenu jedne metode za brzo i dovoljno tačno definisanje naponskih referenci generatora u cilju ostvarenja povoljnih naponsko-reaktivnih stanja elektroenergetskih interkonekcija. Tu se prvenstveno misli na poboljšanje ekonomije pogona u maksimalnim stanjima, odnosno smanjivanje gubitaka aktivne i reaktivne snage. U minimalnim stanjima, to se radi u cilju minimizacije po¬treba za potpobuđenim režimima rada generatora, odnosno njihovu raspodelu na generatore koji su najpogodniji za to.

  Razvoj ove metode bio je podstaknut poznatim saznanjem o veoma značajnom uticaju adekvatnog izbora vrednosti naponskih referenci angažovanih generatora na uspostavljene naponsko-reaktivne prilike. Verifikacija metode je bila obavljena u okviru statičkog i dinamičkog simulacionog modela, na primerima ostvarenog i perspektivnih stanja prenosne mreže Srbije, u njenom širokom okruženju.

  Primena u realnom vremenu bila bi omogućena posredstvom estimatora stanja koji se nalazi u sastavu novog SCADA/EMS sistema, implementiranom u Nacionalnom Dispečerskom Centru Elektromreže Srbije. Prva praktična iskustva u sagledavanju mogućnosti primene predložene metode u realnom vremenu, stečena su na modelu realne elektroenergetske interkonekcije koju sačinjavaju EES Srbije, Crne Gore, Bosne i Hercegovine, Hrvatske, Mađarske, Makedonije, Rumunije, Bugarske, Grčke i Albanije.

  THE EFFECTS OF GENERATOR VOLTAGES CONTROL IN REAL TIME

  ABSTRACT

  This papers presents the possibility effects of application in real-time a method for fast and sufficiently accurate definition of generator voltages to realize the favourable voltage-reactive states of electric power interconnection. In peak- load condition, this control is made to improve the economic operation, e.g. to reduce the active and reactive power losses. In low-load condition, this control is made to reduce the generator under-exitation states.

  The development of this method is inspired by known fact of great influence of adequate choice of generator voltage on established voltage-reactive states. The verification of method proposed is made in context of steady-state and dynamic simulation model, on the example of realized and perspective states of Serbian transmission network.

  The application in real time will be realised by state estimator, which is the part of the new SCADA/EMS system in NDC Elektromreza Srbije. The first practical experiences of the possibility of the application in real time, of the method proposed, has been established on the model of real interconnection, which consists of the EPSs of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Albania.
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  Jovan Janjić - Energo-Steel, Beograd

  » Procena veka trajanja erodiranih rotorskih lopatica kondezacionih parnih turbina

  submitted by: JovanJanjic
  Abstract text

  Erozija je veoma složen proces i do danas nedovoljno istražen. Zbog niza faktora za sve vreme rada velikih kondenzacionih turbinskih postrojenja, u početku brže a kasnije sporije, dolazi do oštećenja elemenata turbine obstrujavanih vlažnom parom.

  Ispitivanja i analize erozijskih procesa na kondezacionim turbinama u našoj zemlji, pokazala su da su od od svih delova kondenzacione turbine erozijom najviše ugrožene rotorske lopatice zadnjeg stepena niskog pritiska.

  Eroziona oštećenja smanjuju efikasnost turbine a u nekim slučajevima kod turbina većih snaga, zbog nepovoljnih promena karakteristika čvrstoće lopatica, znatno smanjuju pouzdanost njihovog rada.

  Problemi zaštite od erozije i produženja veka trajanja turbinskih lopatica, kao i mogućnost proračuna i procene brzine njihovog erozijskog oštećenja, jedan su od glavnih predmeta intersovanja širokog kruga inženjera koji se bave konstrukcijom, održavanjem i praćenjem rada parnih turbina.

  Rad je posvecen prakticnom resavanju ovog veoma bitnog problema u radu parnih kondenzacionih turbinskih postrojenja.
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  Milorad Kurajica - Fizički fakultet, Beograd, B. M. Obradovic, G. Sretenovic, B. Dojcinovic, D. Manojlovic - Fizički fakultet, Beograd, A. Jevremovic and LJ. Jocic - JP EPS, PD TENT, Obrenovac

  » Simultaneous Removal Of NOx and SO2 From Coal-Burning Flue Gas in TENT-A Using Nonthermal Plasma Reactors in Direct and Indirect Oxidation Processes

  submitted by: MiloradKurajica
  Abstract text

  Simultaneous Removal Of NOx and SO2 From Coal-Burning Flue Gas in TENT-A Using Nonthermal Plasma Reactors in Direct and Indirect Oxidation Processes
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  Saša Stojković - Tehnički fakultet, Čačak, Srbija, Žarko Stevanović - Institut za nuklearne nauke VINČA, Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku

  » ANALIZA PRIKLJUČENJA FARME VETROGENERATORA NA LOKACIJI „VELIKO BRDO“ NA ELEKTROENERGETSKU MREŽU

  submitted by: zarestevanovic
  Abstract text

  Osnovna analiza koju treba izvesti pri planiranju farme vetrogeneratora je analiza energetske efikasnosti i uticaja na gubitke aktivne i reaktivne snage. U pogledu priključenja vetrogeneratora na postojeću elektroenergetsku mrežu, veoma je značajno analizirati uticaj farme generatora na naponski profil mreže, kao i povećanje udarnih struja kratkih spojeva, jer te struje utiču na naprezanja postojeće opreme. U ovom radu analizirani su upravo ti uticaji farme vetrogeneratora snage 16 MW na postojeću mrežu.

  Osnovni cilj ovog rada je da se procene uticaji koje priključenje farme od osam vetrogeneratora ima na energetsku efikasnost, naponski profil i udarne struje trofaznog kratkog spoja. Analizirani su, posebno, doprinosi u snazi koje imaju vetrogeneratori i postojeća mreža, gubici u vetrogeneratorima, vodovima i kablovima, kao i potrošnja. Definisan je simulacioni model, koji potpuno odgovara dispoziciji farme generatora koja je predmet projekta. Analiza je izvedena za radni režim koji odgovara nazivnom opterećenju. Model omogućava i dinamičke analize, pa je upotrebljen za analizu struja trofaznog kvara.

  Simulacije su izvedene softverskim alatom za elektromagnetne prelazne procese ATP-EMTP (Alternative Transients Program verzija ElectroMagnetic Transients Programa).