SESSION: Power Plants life cycle extension, new clean coal technologies | Produženja radnog veka elektrana i novih ekološki čistih tehnologija
papers selected for Symposium Session titled: Power Plants life cycle extension, new clean coal technologies | Produženja radnog veka elektrana i novih ekološki čistih tehnologija
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Vladimir Radulović - JKP „Beogradske elektrane“, Savski Nasip 11, 11070 Novi Beograd
title: Mogućnosti primene kombinovanih postrojenja za proizvodnju toplotne i električne energije u sistemima daljinskog grejanja u Srbiji, korišćenjem gasno-parnog ciklusa
Abstract text
Apstrakt
Tehničkim razvojem gasnih i parnih turbina stvoreni su uslovi za njihovo kombinovanje u jedan jedinstven ciklus koji se može primeniti u termoenergetskim postrojenjima. Osnovni motivi za korišćenje gasno parnog ciklusa su povećanje snage i stepena korisnosti.
Danas je u svetu izgrađen određeni broj termoenergetskih postrojenja za kombinovanu proizvodnju toplotne i električne energije (TO-TE) koja rade sa kombinovanim J-CR ciklusom. U ovom radu biće prikazane osnovne tehničke karakteristike Rya postrojenja koje je u eksploataciji od decembra 2006 godine. Postrojenje Rya nalazi se u blizini Geteborga (Švedska) i proizvodi godišnje 1250 GWh električne energije i 1450 GWh toplotne energije, što zadovoljava oko 30% godišnjih potreba za električnom i 35% potreba za toplotnom energijom Geteborga.
Projektovani godišnji broj časova rada TO-TE je 6500 i uključuje 1500 časova rada sa sniženim opterećenjem u proleće i jesen. TO-TE Rya može da radi u različitim režimima u zavisnosti od potreba za energijom. U slučaju potrebe u letnjem periodu postrojenje može da proizvodi samo električnu energiju radeći sa 85% nominalne električne snage. Pri ovom režimu rada toplota se odvodi preko kondenzatora u reku Gota.
Za prikaz tehničkih karakteristika TO-TE Rya odlučujući kriterijum je to što se ovakvo ili slično energetski efikasno postrojenje, može primeniti u svim većim gradovima Srbije: Beograd, Novi Sad, Niš, Subotica, Kragujevac i dr.
Abstract
Conditions for combining gas and steam turbines into the unique cycle are created by their technical development, and that can be applied into the thermo energetic power plants. Primary objectives for using gas-steam cycle are to increase power and efficiency ratio.
Nowadays, certain thermo energetic power plants are established for combined heat and power generation (CHP) based on J-CR cycle (J-Joule and CR-Clausius-Rankin cycle). This paper demonstrate in principal technical characteristics of Rya plant, operated from December 2006. It is situated nearby Gothenburg (Sweden), with yearly production of 1250 GWh of electrical and 1450 GWh of heat power, which covers 30% of power and 35% of Gothenburg's yearly district heating demands.
Annual number of working hours designed for CHP is 6500, which includes 1500 working hours while operating with lower load during spring and autumn time. CHP Rya can operate on different conditions, depending on energy demands. In case of demands during summer period, plant can generate only the electrical power operating with 85% of nominal electrical power. With this performance heat has been leaded into the River Goeta by capacitor.
Main criteria for this review of CHP Rya technical characteristics is possibility to establish same or similar plant into the larger cities in Serbia: Beograd, Novi Sad, Niš, Subotica, Kragujevac etc.
Peter Stegelitz - Alstom Power Service GmbH , Dirk Renjewski - Alstom Power Service GmbH , Vladimir Bozinovic - Thermal Power Plants Nikola Tesla Ltd.
title: Improvement of Serbian Power Plants TE NT A and TE NT B based on ALSTOM ECO|RAM study performed
Abstract text
In 2006 ALSTOM was awarded a contract for a study for increase of power output, efficiency and availability on the Power Plant TE NT A, unit 6. In another contract was performed a study for the Power Plant TE NT B, unit 2 in 2007 with the same aims. Both plants are lignite fired.
Forming a joint team of EPS and ALSTOM the three units have been assessed and areas for potential improvements have been defined. The potential improvements are mainly focused on:
- Increase of unit power output based on increased main steam generation in the boiler and modernisation of steam turbines
- Increase of unit efficiency based on improvements in Ljungstroem type air preheater, electrostatic precipitator, boiler feed pump and steam turbine
- Increase of availability based on a change in maintenance strategy
- Necessary adoptions and modernisations of other equipment like alternator, pulverisers, pumps, fans, piping etc. in order to meet the requirements of an increased power output.
In a first phase after the assessment the jointly defined potentials have been elaborated conceptually and the economic effects have been defined. Based on those economic effects several potentials have been selected for further elaboration in detail during the phase 2.
It has been defined, that the unit power output can be increased in the range of 10 % mainly based on the increased steam generation in the boiler while the efficiency increase is based on steam turbine modernisations and improvements in the equipment as mentioned above.
Based on these results principle examples will be explained in detail.
The approach used by EPS and ALSTOM in this study and the further project execution is of wide interest for other power plant owners as it can be easily used and grant improvements in power plant output, efficiency and availability.
Vitomir Kravarusic - PD Panonske TE TO
title: NOVA VIZIJA TE-TO NOVI SAD – IZGRADNJA GASNO-PARNOG BLOKA VISOKE ENERGETSKE EFIKASNOSTI
Abstract text
U okviru restrukturiranja EPS-a, sagledava se nova vizija – znatno povoljnija uloga i mesto TE-TO Novi Sad kroz izgradnju novog savremenog energetski efikasnog gasno-parnog bloka za kombinovanu proizvodnju električne i toplotne energije. Zbog uspostavljenih dispariteta cena električne energije i energenata u Srbiji, tehnološke prevaziđenosti postojeće TE-TO Novi Sad i njene male energetske efikasnosti, doveden je u pitanje dalji rad TE-TO Novi Sad u uslovima otvorenog tržišta električne energije. Novi blok se planira na postojećoj lokaciji TE-TO Novi Sad (brown field project), na kojoj su obezbeđeni svi zajednički objekti. Električna snaga novog bloka se procenjuje na oko 400 MW električnih, a toplotna snaga na nešto preko 300 MW. Električni stepen korisnosti u kondenzacionom režimu se očekuje u opsegu 53 – 59 %, a u toplifikacionom 72 – 76 %. Nova kompanija će se formirati po modelu partnerstva EPS-a, Grada Novog Sada i budućeg odabranog strateškog partnera koji može obezbediti kontinualno snabdevanje novog bloka prirodnim gasom i finansijska sredstva za dokapitalizaciju unete imovine EPS-a i Grada Novog Sada u okviru zatvorenog akcionarskog društva ENERGIJA a.d. Novi Sad. Nova kompanija – ENERGIJA a.d. Novi Sad će isporučivati električnu energiju tokom cele godine i baznu toplotnu energiju toplifikacionom sistemu Grada Novog Sada. Izgradnjom novog gasno-parnog postrojenja treba da se značajno umanji planirani nedostatak električne energije u srednjeročnom periodu, odnosno do uvođenja u rad novih velikih termo blokova u kolubarskom i kostolačkom basenu.
Slobodan Vukosavic - Elektrotehni fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd
title: Visokofrekventno napajanje sistema za uklanjanje letećeg pepela iz dima termoenergetskih postrojenja
Abstract text
U radu će biti prikazan sistem visokofrekventnog napajanja i upravljanja namenjen elektrofiltrima. Analizirane su prednosti VF napajanja elektroprecipitatora u odnosu na 50Hz sisteme, tehno ekonomski aspekti eksploatacije VF i 50 Hz sistema, kao i uštede električne energije usled poboljšanja stepena korisnog dejstva.
Pored toga, analizirano je i uvećanje efikasnosti izdvajanja i uvećanje stepena otprašivanja.
Bumsoo Han - EB TECH Co., Ltd. 550 Yuseong-gu Yongsan-dong, Daejeon 305-500, Korea , Sung-Myun Kim - EB TECH Co., Ltd. 550 Yuseong-gu Yongsan-dong, Daejeon 305-500, Korea , Wongu Kang - EB TECH Co., Ltd. 550 Yuseong-gu Yongsan-dong, Daejeon 305-500, Korea , M.J. Lee - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea , R.A. Salimov - Budker Institute of Nuclear Physic, Lavrentiev prospect 11, Novosibirsk 630090 Russia , N.K. Kuksanov - Budker Institute of Nuclear Physic, Lavrentiev prospect 11, Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
title: MOBILE ELECTRON ACCELERATOR FOR FLUE GAS TREATMENT
Abstract text
Industrial activities to produce heat and electrical energy are responsible for emitting a large number and amount of pollutants, such as fly ash, sulphur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic compounds, into the atmosphere. To reduce such pollutants, electron beam treatment process has been introduced. Electrons interact with gas creating divergent ions and radicals including oxidizing radicals and excited species. These excited species react in a various ways to convert SOX and NOX into a dry product containing (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 that was usable as a fertilizer.
Due to the necessity of pilot scale test facility for continuous treatment of gaseous wastes on the spot, a mobile electron beam irradiation system mounted on trailer is under development in EB TECH Co. Ltd. This mobile electron beam irradiation system is designed for the individual field application with self-sustaining systems, such as electric generator, cooling system etc. This mobile electron accelerator is self-shielded with steel plate and lead block which will satisfy the required safety figures.
Design parameters are limited by the allowable total weight and height of the trailer on the road which controlled by Government regulation. Therefore, the output parameter of e-beam is designed for 0.6MeV and 20kW through 600mm window. This mobile unit will be used for on-site test of flue gases from the power plant by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and EB TECH Co. Ltd. This unit could treat up to 10,000 Nm3 of gases per day.
Ene BARBU - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA
title: RESEARCH ON SUPERHEATING SYSTEM OF STEAM TO 2xST 18 COGENERATIVE POWER PLANT
Abstract text
In a heat recovery steam generator used to produce superheated steam, of the cogenerative power plant, the superheater is usually a surface heat exchanger in which the two thermal agents are the combustion gases and steam. Considering the working conditions of the superheater and increasing trends of power group parameters, is necessary to pay a special attention to the design and its operation. Cogenerative power plant 2xST 18 - Suplacu de Barcau simultaneously produces electrical and thermal power and is the first product of its kind equipped with turboengines, designed and built entirely in Romania by the Romanian experts. It was put in full operation in 2004 and comprises two cogenerative lines, equipped with afterburning installations. This also confers a high degree of adaptability to the requirements of thermal power caused by the extraction process of crude oil deposit. The cogenerative power plant works in three variants of operation: turboengine + afterburning installation + heat recovery steam generator, turboengine + heat recovery steam generator, heat recovery steam generator + afterburning installation. Normally, the steam superheating temperature is difficult to determine on the theoretical path with sufficient precision, the air excess and the combustion gases recirculation having an influence on flame temperature and the temperature distribution into the heat recovery steam generator. If the steam preheating temperature is too high, this may create problems with superheating of tubes walls of the superheater. If it is too low, you cannot reach the overheating steam temperature required by the process. Only a calculation model based on experience of similar units can be considered satisfactory, the used mathematical formulas being not at all simple. Starting from the description of constructive and functional solution of 2xST 18 cogenerative power plant, this paper is dealing with the related problems on the system of steam superheating (the superheater and steam temperature regulation) occurred at putting into operation of the plant and their resolve, in correlation with the installation requirements and the afterburning process.
Dragoljub B. Radojičić - Zavod za zavarivanje, Beograd, Srbija
title: UTVRĐIVANJE TRENUTNOG STANJA ELEMENATA PAROVODA NA TERMOELEKTRANAMA KONVENCIONALNIM I NOVIM METODAMA ISPITIVANJA BEZ RAZARANJA-NOVI PRISTUP
Abstract text
Rad analizira novi pristup ispitivanja metodama IBR i izradu plana obima ispitivanja radi ocene tranutnog stanja elemenata parovoda. Novi pristup podrazumeva „PRETHODNU“ dijagnostiku metodom magnetnog pamćenja metala na osnovu čega se izrađuje konkretan plan koji obuhvata vrste i obim ispitivanja konvencionalnim metodama IBR.
Analizom nalaza metodama IBR se dolazi do ocene stanja ispitnog elementa parovoda.
Analizom nalaza „PRETHODNOG“ ispitivanja može se informativno doći do procene preostalog radnog veka.
Slobodan V. Laković - Mašinski fakultet Niš, ul. A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš , Mirjana S. Laković - Mašinski fakultet Niš, ul. A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš
title: PERSPEKTIVA PRIMENE PANELNOG RASHLADNOG TORNJA ZA HLAĐENJE TERMOELEKTRANE
Abstract text
Zbog veće temperature rashladne vode, specifična potrošnja toplote za oko 5% je veća kod termoelektrana hladjenih vlažnim rashladnim tornjevima sa filmskom ispunom i prirodnom cirkulacijom vazduha u poređenju sa termoelektranama hlađenim protočnom vodom.
Ispuna panelnog rashladnog tornja ima širinu kanala između dve susedne ploče 12-20mm, zbog čega je površina prenosa toplote i mase značajno veća u odnosu na standardne ispune, a režim strujanja vode i vazduha povoljniji. Zbog toga panelni rashladni tornjevi imaju znatno manju visinu zone hlađenja vode u poređenju sa tornjevima koji su danas u primeni. To dozvoljava niži vakuum u kondenzatoru, pa bi se ovako hladjeni parni blok po karakteristikama približio protočno hlađenom postrojenju. Činjenica da investicioni i eksploatacioni troškovi nisu veći nego za konvencionalni toranj takođe preporučuje ovaj tip tornja za znatno širu primenu.
U radu je pokazano na primeru referentnog postrojenja koliko je zamena konvencionalnog tornja panelnim smanjila specifičnu potrošnju toplote, odnosno povećala energetsku efikasnost postrojenja.
Dobrica Filipović - NIS-Naftagas, Novi Sad , Branislav Perković - ACTA, Novi Sad
title: MOGUĆNOST RACIONALNOG KORIŠĆENJA ENERGETSKIH RESURSA ZA PROIZVODNJU ELEKTRIČNE I TOPLOTNE ENERGIJE
Abstract text
Postojeći energetski sistem zemlje opterećen je nizom problema koji uslovlajvaju smanjenu konkurentnost na tržištu energije. Pri tome, odlučujući uticaj na konkurentnost i profitabilno poslovanje ima efikasnost proizvodnje električne energije, a pre svega TE-ugalj, čiji je udeo u ukupnoj proizvodnji električne energije veliki (67%), a efikasnost mala 28 – 29 %. Posledica toga je neracionalno korišćenje domaćeg resursa uglja, jer se degradira i nepovratno gubi energija oko 3.2 Mten/god, što odgovara godišnjem uvozu nafte. Tome svakako treba dodati visoke gubitke u prenosu i distribuciji električne energije oko 18 %, ili oko 5500 GWh/god., što odgovara proizvodnji TE od oko 850 MWe.
Istovremeno, energetski efikasne TE-TO (ηu = 0.6 – 0.85) su zanemarene i učestvuju u proizvodnji električne energije sa samo oko 2-3 % . Ovakav odnos prema TE-TO proističe iz dispariteta cena energenata i energije, ali i iz stava da je cena električne energije veća od cena iz TE-ugalj. Naznačeni stav, svakako, je potrebno preispitati.
U ovakvim okolnostima EPS predvidja novi investicioni ciklus sa ciljem izgradnje novih elektroenergetskih kapaciteta. To se odnosi, pre svega, na izgradnju TE-ugalj instalisane snage 750 MWe, ali ima i najava korišćenje prirodnog gasa za pogon TE-TO. Nažalost, iz nepoznatih razloga, mazut kao pogonsko gorivo za TE-TO nije uzet u obzir iako se očekuje značajna produkcija od 800.000 – 1.000.000 t/god.
Stim u vezi nije sporna potreba izgradnje naznačenog kapaciteta, nego moguće lokacije, vrsta pogonskog goriva, energetska efikasnost, primenjena energetska tehnologija i ko će preuzeti status investitora. Ovo se naročito ističe kada se ima uvidu da je poboljšanje energetske efikasnosti moguće korišćenjem visokoefikasne energetske tehnologije – kogeneracije tj. izgradnjom TE-TO.
Shodno prednje izloženom, postavlja se pitanje da li je energetski i ekonomski celishodnije investirati u TE-ugalj 750 MWe ili u izgradnju većeg broja manjih TE-TO (pogon sa gasom i/ili mazutom) iste snage lociranih u blizini gradova i naselja, gde je moguć plasman tj. prodaja oba oblika proizvedene električne i toplotne energije. Odgovor na ovo pitanje, odnosno, kakvi se efekti očekuju, može ustanoviti energetska ekonomija tj. energetsko-ekonomska efikasnost.
Za tu svrhu koristi se novo razvijeni tehno-ekonomski model koji omogućava prethodne brze kalkulacije u domenu inženjerskih procena za proračun cene proizvedene energije, kao polaznog elementa za utvrđivanje perioda isplativosti investicije tj. ekonomije proizvodnje transformisane energije.
Istovremeno korišćenjem ovog modela moguće je ispitati osetljivost cene proizvedene energije ( električne i toplotne ) na brojne uticajne faktore kao osnove za opredeljenje racionalnijeg i isplativijeg investicionog rešenja.
Trbojevic Nebojsa - Vattenfall Europe PowerConsult East
title: CONTINUITY OF INTERNATIONAL LARGE SCOPE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION & HANDLING OUT BY LOCAL AND EPS OWN RESOURCES
Abstract text
KONTINUITET IMPLEMENTACIJE VELIKIH MEĐUNARODNIH PROJEKATA I NJIHOVO SPROVOĐENJE LOKALNIM I RESURSIMA ELEKTROPRIVREDE SRBIJE
[TE NIKOLA TESLA A, BLOK A4: KAPITALNI REMONT 2007]
CONTINUITY OF INTERNATIONAL LARGE SCOPE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION & HANDLING OUT BY LOCAL AND EPS OWN RESOURCES
[TPP NIKOLA TESLA A, UNIT A4: GENERAL OVERHAUL 2007]
Trbojević M. Nebojša Autor, Đorđi Biljanovski Koautor
Vattenfall Europe PowerConsult East, Beograd
PD“ Termoelektrane Nikola Tesla“ d.o.o. Obrenovac
Abstract: This paper is presenting second and hopefully not the last part of the previous document presented onto the same symposium during the year 2006 and dedicated to TPP Nikola Tesla B1 Overhaul 2005.
Throughout the recent period, lots of international projects linked to the Power Plants Rehabilitation and General Overhaul have been executed in Serbia. Majority has been covered/ supported by the Financing Institutions out of the State.
Bearing in mind that there is already established policy by these institutions (e.g. World Bank, EBRD, EAR, KfW ...) to cover the Project(s) from their own funds by international Consultants engagement, suitable option for the Local Personnel/ Management to have so called “Learning Experience” has been widely utilized.
Having above mentioned facts as background, throughout the period 2005-2006, it has been decided by the EPS Authorities to perform one huge project, similar or even larger comparing to the above said, funded by its own.
The full scope has been executed the Thermal Power Plant Nikola Tesla A, Unit 4 (308.5 MW).
Subjected Project has been fully managed by local project members/ experts, supported by EPS.
The aim of this paperwork is to familiarize other symposium participants with the manner of Feasibility, Overall Forecasting, Invitation to Tender, Contracting, Contract execution procedure(s) and (has to be said) very successful accomplishment of the Project.
Mentioned Project scope has been divided into the Seven (7) Lots.
Two international and five local companies have been included into the Project Execution.
Overall Budget that covers Goods and Services has been estimated as over €80 millions.
No delays have been registered regarding the Project carrying out and main Milestones.
