SESSION: Power Plants life cycle extension, new clean coal technologies | Produženja radnog veka elektrana i novih ekološki čistih tehnologija
papers selected for Symposium Session titled: Power Plants life cycle extension, new clean coal technologies | Produženja radnog veka elektrana i novih ekološki čistih tehnologija
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Misa Jocic - PIPETECH Jocic
title: SATISFYING PIPING STRESS AND FLEXIBILITY REQUIREMENTS WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EXPANSION JOINTS (TECHNO-ECONOMICAL OPTIMISATION) - ZADOVOLJAVANJE ZAHTEVA ZA NAPREZANJEM I FLEKSIBILNOŠĆU CEVOVODA PRIMENOM DILATACIONIH KOMPENZATORA (TEHNO-EKONOMSK
Abstract text
There have been various attempts to deal with the optimization of solutions which involve expansion joints in piping systems where sufficient flexibility can’t be found using suitable pipe routing.
The difficulty of piping designs which involve expansion joints is that they rely upon two engineering expertises: Pipe Flexibility and Stress Analysis on one side and Expansion Joint Design and Construction on the other. Arguably distinctively different, they have been looked upon as totally separate engineering disciplines and it is rarely that companies have two of these experts sitting under the same roof. Pipe Stress Engineers basically relied on the support form Expansion Joint Experts on “as required basis” and called upon their knowledge only when needed. Thus, we have the situation where knowledge related to the design and construction of expansion joints sits with expansion joints manufacturing companies, which are totally separate and often remote entities in the design process.
Even so, the ever present demand for techno-economical optimizations, now days direct us towards the following observations.
The “Traditional method”, where Pipe Stress Engineer defines on his own the requirements for expansion joints and describes them in the technical specification for purchasing is, or should be, a matter of past.
This approach may be used only as a first attempt at finding the solution, but given that it never heads in the direction of achieving optimal techno-economical results, needs to be upgraded with additional steps.
Bilo je mnogih pokušaja za savladavanje optimizacije rešenja s dilatacionim kompenzatorima u cevovodnim sistemima kod kojih se, uz primenu prikladnog vođenja cevi, ne može ostvariti zadovoljavajuća fleksibilnost cevovoda. Problem pri projektovanju cevododa koji uključuju dilatacione kompenzatore je u tome što se zahtevaju dve inženjerske ekspertize: analize fleksibilnosti i naprezanja cevovoda s jedne te projektovanja i konstrukcije dilatacionih kompenzatora s druge strane. Kako su uverljivo prilično različite, na njih se gledalo kao na potpuno odvojene discipline i retke su firme koje imaju dva takva stručnjaka pod istim krovom. Inženjeri koji se bave naprezanjem cevovoda u osnovi se oslanjaju na podršku stručnjaka za dilatacione kompenzatore na 'regularnoj bazi' i koriste njihovo znanje samo kada je potrebno. Tako postoji situacija da se znanje koje se odnosi na projektovanje i konstrukciju dilatacionih kompenzatora nalazi iskljucivo kod proizvođače te opreme, a to su sasvim odvojeni i često udaljeni cinioci procesa projektovanja cevovodnih sistema. Medjutim bez obzira na to, danas uvek prisutni zahtevi za tehno-ekonomskim optimiziranjem, usmeravaju na sljedeća razmatranja.
'Tradicionalna metoda', kod koje inženjer koji se bavi naprezanjem cevovoda određuje svoje sopstvene zahteve i opisuje ih u tehničkim specifikacijama za nabavu dilatacionih kompenzatora, jeste ili bi trebalo biti stvar prošlosti.
Danas se takav pristup može koristiti samo kao prvi pokušaj u pronalaženju rešenja, ali ako se uzme u obzir da nikada ne vodi prema optimalnim tehno-ekonomskim rezultatima, treba biti nadograđen dodatnim koracima.
prof. dr Dragan Ignjatović, doc. dr Predrag Jovančić - Rudarsko geološki fakultet, Beograd , prof. dr Taško Maneski - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd , prof. dr Borislav Jeftenić - Elektrotehnički fakultet, Beograd
title: OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVES AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF HAULAGE SYSTEMS AT OPEN PITS DURING THEIR REVITALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION
Abstract text
Project TR6648, which is defined within Technological development program of Ministry of Science, Republic of Serbia, analyzed and processed optimization of drives and structural components of haulage systems at the open pits during their revitalization and modernization. Technical solutions for optimized structure of drive and non-drive pulleys, as improved existing product (described in project "Redesign and unification of pulleys at haulage systems of Drmno open pit), were proposed according to results of this Project. Also, optimizations of conveyor belts were performed by introduction of application of regulated non-synchronous electric motor with frequency converters at Drmno open pit. Both solutions are already applied, acheiving planned results.
OPTIMIZACIJA POGONA I KONSTRUKCIONIH ELEMENATA TRANSPORTNIH SISTEMA NA POVRŠINSKIM KOPOVIMA KOD NJIHOVE REVITALIZACIJE I MODERNIZACIJE
Apstrakt: Projekat TR6648 koji je definisan u okviru Tehnološkog razvoja pri Ministarstvu nauke Republike Srbije, analizirao je i obradio optimizaciju pogona i konstrukcionih elemenata transportnih sistema na površinskim kopovima kod njihove revitalizacije i modernizacije. Na osnovu ovog projekta data su tehnička rešenja optimizirane konstrukcije pogonskog i nepogonskog bubnja kao poboljšani postojeći proizvod (nastao kao rezultat rada projekta ’’Redizajniranje i unifikacija bubnjeva na transportnim sistemima PK ’’Drmno’’). Takođe je izvršena i optimizacija tračnih transportera uvođenjem regulisanih asinhronih pogona sa frekventnim pretvaračima na PK ’’Drmno’’. Oba rešenja su implementirana i već donose planirane rezultate.
Mr Oswald Hihn - Voith Turbo GmbH & KG, Crailsheim, Germany
title: Energy Conservation Strategy for Thermal Power Plants by using Voith Variable Speed Drives / Strategija za uštedu energije u termoelektranama koristeći Voith hidrodinamičku spojnicu sa promenljivim punjenjem
Abstract text
Technology advances. Plants which originally were efficient may today be uneconomic. Voith Turbo has experience for decades in hydrodynamic power transmission and offer full engineering from one source: advice, design, commissioning and world-wide after-sales-service.
In practice the requirements for which a unit was originally designed change within the course of time. When this occurs it can produce technical problems which are so complex that the only reasonable solution is the retrofit of the unit. Voith analyses the problem, weather it is a thermal overload or unforeseen vibrations or control difficulties. Then on the basis of this analysis, Voith works out remedial proposals.
Analysis, diagnosis and improvement measures, such as speed adaptation by exchanging gear stages under observation of the laws of hydrodynamics, increase the economy of the existing plant.
Usled tehnološkog razvoja elektrane koje su u vreme projektovanja imale zadovoljavajuću efikasnost danas mogu biti neekonomične. Voith Turbo ima dugogodišnje iskustvo kada su u pitanju hidrodinamički prenosnici snage i s tim u vezi može ponuditi sve, od savetovanja, projektovanja, nadzora pri puštanju u rad i u svetu razgranatu servisnu mrežu. U praksi se zahtevi za rad mašine, prvobitno projektiovane za odredjene uslove rada, menjaju tokom vremena. U slučaju kada se ovo desi jedino rešenje je retrofit/optimizacija mašine jer u protivnom dolazi do raznih tehničkih problema. Voith analizira problematiku, da li su u pitanju termičko preopterećenje, nepredvidjene vibracije ili problem upravljanja mašinom. Na bazi rezultata dobijenih analizom, Voith daje predlog za rešenje novonastale situacije. Analiza, dijagnoza i mere za poboljšanje, kao što je adaptacija broja obrtaja promenom reduktorskog stepena a vodeći računa o zakonima hidrodinamike, dovode do povećanja efikasnosti postojeće elektrane.
L. Jia, Y. Tan and E.J. Anthony - CANMET Energy Technology Centre-Ottawa (CETC-O), Natural Resources Canada
title: OXYFUEL COMBUSTION USING CFBC – RECENT CANADIAN WORK
Abstract text
Oxyfuel FBC has been examined in a 100 kW pilot plant operating with flue gas cooling. This technology offers almost all of the advantages of air-fired FBC—emissions such as CO or NOx are lower or comparable to air firing, and it is possible to switch from air firing to oxy firing easily, with oxygen concentrations as high as 60-70% and flue gas recycle levels of 50-60%. Only sulphation is poorer, which is not in good agreement with other studies, and the reasons for this discrepancy need further exploration. However, longer tests have confirmed these findings with two coals and a petroleum coke. It also appears that changing from direct to indirect sulphation with the petroleum coke improves the sulphation, although a similar effect could not be confirmed with coal.
Vesna Barišić, Edgardo Coda Zabetta, Arto Hotta - Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, R&D Department , Bogusław Krztoń - Foster Wheeler Energia Polska, Global Sales & Marketing
title: Foster Wheeler Experience in Combustion of Low-Grade High-Ash Fuels in CFBs
Abstract text
Foster Wheeler’s circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler technology meets today’s market demand for utility-size boilers with capability to fire broad range of fuel qualities from low-grade high-ash fuels, good quality bituminous and anthracite coals to various biomass and waste fuels. The high efficiency CFB boilers are designed for firm emission performance and high reliability. The focus of this paper will be on examples of CFB boilers utilized both in repowering and new projects and using hard-to-burn fuels such as low-heating value, high-ash/moisture/sulfur coals and coal wastes, oil shale, and difficult biomass.
Predrag Radovanović - Institut za nuklearne nauke VINČA, Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku
title: ЕЛЕКТРО-МАШИНОГРАДЊА У СРБИЈИ КАО ДЕО ДОМАЋЕГ РАЗВОЈНОГ ПОТЕНЦИЈАЛА
Abstract text
Производња електричне енергије у свету достигла је током 2006. годинe око 18 билиона (18 x 1012) kWh, од чега у Европској унији око 3,5 билиона kWh. Учешће доминантних енергетских извора било је: угаљ 40, течни енергенти 10, природни гас 15, нуклеарна енергија 16, а хидро и други обновљиви извори 19%.
У 2003. години, укупне енергетскe потребe света увећане су за 50% у односу на 1980., уз прогнозе да ће се исти раст задржати до 2030. године. У истом периоду (2003-2030.), дуплираће се потребе за електричном енергијом са просечним растом од око 2,7% годишње, са много већом стопом у тзв. неразвијеном свету.
Домаћом Стратегијом развоја енергетике, према тзв. динамичној варијанти привредног развоја, до 2015. год. предвиђен је раст потреба за електричном енергијом у Србији просечно 2,2% годишње више у односу на 2003. год.
